This approach makes alcohol harder to get-for example, by raising the price of alcohol and keeping the minimum legal drinking age at Enacting zero-tolerance laws that outlaw driving after any amount of drinking for people younger than 21 also can help prevent problems. Parents in particular can have either a positive or negative influence. Connecting with other parents about sending clear messages about the importance of youth not drinking alcohol. Research shows that children of actively involved parents are less likely to drink alcohol.
On the other hand, research shows that a child with a parent who binge drinks is much more likely to binge drink than a child whose parents do not binge drink. Adolescence is a time of change and growth, including behavior changes. These changes usually are a normal part of growing up but sometimes can point to an alcohol problem.
Parents, families, and teachers should pay close attention to the following warning signs that may indicate underage drinking: Screening young people for alcohol use and alcohol use disorder is very important and may avoid problems down the road.
Screening by a health practitioner e. It also allows young people to ask questions of a knowledgeable adult. Some young people can experience serious problems as a result of drinking, including alcohol use disorder, which require intervention by trained professionals. Professional treatment options include:. For more information, please visit: www.
Table 2. Accessed October 7, Table 7. Accessed September 15, Calculated using past day quantity and frequency of alcohol use from the NSDUH public-use data file. Accessed January 4, Accessed January 11, Binge alcohol use is defined as drinking 5 or more drinks on the same occasion for males or 4 or more drinks on the same occasion for females on at least 1 day in the past 30 days.
Chen, C. Accessed July 30, Number of alcohol units consumed in England , by gender and age. Alcoholic Beverages. United Kingdom UK : annual volume of beer consumed per capita United Kingdom: annual volume of beer consumed This feature is limited to our corporate solutions. Please contact us to get started with full access to dossiers, forecasts, studies and international data.
Skip to main content Try our corporate solution for free! Single Accounts Corporate Solutions Universities. This statistic shows the average age youths aged 12 to 20 years first drank alcohol in the U. In the period to , on average those aged 12 to 20 years first drank alcohol when they were Loading statistic Show source.
Download for free You need to log in to download this statistic Register for free Already a member? Log in. While adolescents already have a tendency to drink excessively on a single occasion, the risk factor has been aggravated by energy drinks, which are extremely popular among young people. The drinks are sold and consumed for their stimulant effect, particularly at parties and raves. Adolescents mix alcohol with energy drinks to stay awake longer and also to mask the unpleasant taste of alcohol.
This can be expected to increase the number of alcoholic beverages consumed per occasion, as well as the speed at which alcohol is ingested. One study corroborates this expectation and finds that, compared to those who do not mix the two, people who mix alcohol and energy drinks:. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies.
It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. You do not have an account yet? Sign up! You can also do it from your Facebook or Google account. Already have an account? The Table lists the percentages of ever drinkers who began before age 14 years and at each year from 14 through 21 years and older. Early age at first drinking was strongly associated with the proportion of respondents who experienced alcohol dependence in their lifetime, within 10 years of drinking onset, before age 25 years, and during the survey year when the average respondent age was 44 years and who experienced multiple episodes of dependence Figure 1 and Table.
Kaplan-Meier survival curves describing the proportion of dependence-free individuals by age at drinking onset. Individuals who began drinking at younger ages were more likely to experience multiple dependence episodes. However, among persons with lifetime dependence, early-onset drinkers were not more likely to experience multiple episodes, but they were more likely to experience episodes of longer duration Table.
Proportional hazards models and logistic regression analysis revealed that relative to those who waited until age 21 years or older, those who started drinking before age 14 years had elevated hazards of developing lifetime dependence 1.
Mean adjusted hazard ratios from Cox proportional hazards multiple regressions for ever alcohol dependent A and alcohol dependent within 10 years of drinking onset B according to age started drinking. Mean adjusted odds ratios for 2 or more episodes of dependence vs 1 or fewer A and for past-year alcohol dependence B according to age started drinking. Furthermore, among dependent persons relative to those who waited until they were 21 years or older, those who began drinking before age 14 years had 2.
Usually, each additional year earlier than age 21 years that a respondent began to drink, the greater the odds that he or she would develop the alcohol dependence outcomes examined. Mean adjusted odds ratios among persons ever alcohol dependent for duration of dependence of 1 year or more vs less than 1 year A and 6 or 7 dependence symptoms vs 3 to 5 B according to age started drinking.
This analysis underscores the importance of systematically exploring and counseling adolescent patients about their drinking practices. Because pediatric medical care providers considerably underdiagnose alcohol use, abuse, and dependence among patients aged 14 to 18 years, structured screening devices have been recommended to more accurately identify these conditions. This persistence raises the possibility that this relationship may not be solely a by-product of greater risk-taking behavior among early drinkers reflected by tobacco or drug use or predisposing psychological characteristics or disorders that include childhood antisocial personality or major depression.
Other measures of adolescent risk taking not included in the survey could not be assessed as potential confounders. This study identifies several new findings. First, the younger the age at which people started to drink, the greater their likelihood of developing alcohol dependence within 10 years of drinking onset and before age 25 years.
Furthermore, the younger the age at drinking onset, the stronger the subsequent association with chronic relapsing dependence, characterized by multiple episodes, past-year dependence, and, among dependent persons, episodes of longer duration and a wider range of symptoms.
Several issues should be considered in interpreting these results. First, this cross-sectional survey required recall many years earlier by some respondents of the age at which they began to drink and whether they experienced antisocial tendencies or major depression during childhood.
The analyses indicate that age at drinking onset and dependence relationships were strongest among individuals younger than 34 years, for whom the recall period was shortest data available on request. Despite this survey's excellent response rates and analytic adjustments for respondent age and numerous personal and behavioral characteristics, longitudinal studies that begin during childhood, before drinking onset, and that follow adolescents into adult life would be preferable.
They can prospectively test the potential age at drinking onset and alcohol dependence relation and may offer insights into mechanisms at work. A year follow-up of the National Longitudinal Study of Youth found that earlier age at drinking onset is prospectively associated with alcohol dependence and abuse, 29 as did another analysis of a community sample followed longitudinally from age 12 to 30 years.
That study found the strongest association among those who began drinking outside the home. Second, social desirability biases may foster underreporting of alcohol use and associated problems, prompting underdiagnosis of alcohol dependence.
On the other hand, persons willing to report heavy drinking may be less hesitant than others to report adverse drinking consequences.
Also, people with alcohol dependence may be more likely to remember when they started drinking because of consequences experienced later in life, thereby generating stronger relations between drinking onset age and alcohol dependence. Third, consistent with age at earlier drinking onset research, 6 - 9 the present analyses focused on drinkers as defined in the NLAES: respondents who drank 12 or more drinks in at least 1 year of their life.
Fourth, although extensive research has established the reliability of lifetime and past-year alcohol dependence based on DSM-IV criteria using the AUDADIS-IV, the reliability of numbers of dependence episodes and duration of episodes has not received the same attention, and their association with drinking onset requires more cautious interpretation. Furthermore, some researchers question whether the meaning of DSM-IV criteria differs in adolescents and adults.
During adolescence, increased tolerance to alcohol is probably a normal developmental phenomenon. Fifth, potential confounding variables not considered may have been responsible for the observed relations.
0コメント