He became absorbed in mathematics and thermodynamics, and started using new materials glass sheet and neon lighting tubes in his works - see for instance Enantiomorphic Chambers - to experiment with visual refraction and mirroring.
In the process he became affiliated with artists like Robert Morris b. To widen his artistic self-expression he turned to writing, and outlined his theories in a number of reviews and essays for Arts Magazine and Artforum.
Land Art: Installations and Earthworks. In , inspired by his exploration of industrial areas in New Jersey, where he witnessed large-scale building excavations, he produced a series of works called Non-Sites. This was a form of installation art consisting of photographs and plans of site locations mostly derelict urban areas , which were displayed along with earth, rocks and other geological refuse collected from the sites.
As Smithson explained: 'Instead of putting a work of art on some land, some land is put into the work of art. These small-scale works often featured mirrors, whose reflections created an apparent displacement of space. These were followed by his massive environmental constructions designed to raise public awareness of Man's relationship with Nature. Fullscreen toggle.
Smithson with an early painting, ca. Fullscreen toggle Smithson with an early painting, ca. Photo booth snapshots of Robert Smithson, Fullscreen toggle Photo booth snapshots of Robert Smithson, Fullscreen toggle Smithson with Robert Rauschenberg taking a waterlogged tree from the ocean off Captiva Island in Florida.
A Smithson self-portrait with Entantiomorphic Chambers , While still attending high school in Clifton, New Jersey, during the mid s, he attended art classes on the side in New York City. Later in his career, Smithson said that he found David Smith's sculpture particularly captivating for its use of unnatural materials i. Several years before Smithson expressed any interest in Minimalism, Conceptual art, and working with the natural environment, the young artist was drawing, painting, and making collages.
In the late s, Smithson was noticed by art dealer Virginia Dwan and granted his first solo show at the Artists' Gallery in At this time, Smithson's paintings, drawings, and collages he had yet to begin sculpting drew in part on Abstract Expressionism; his works were multimedia, but were still two-dimensional artworks made using gouache, crayon, pencil, and photography. Through his connection with Dwan, Smithson was introduced to several key artists and sculptors who were pioneering the Minimalist art movement of the earlys, including Carl Andre , Donald Judd , Robert Morris , Claes Oldenburg , and Smithson's soon-to-be wife, Nancy Holt.
Holt and Smithson married in The formation of these friendships would mark a significant turning point in Smithson's career. By , Smithson had taken up sculpture, inspired in large part by the Minimalism that was coming into vogue.
It was clear from the beginning, however, that Smithson was not entirely comfortable confining himself and his work to the studio. Throughout the mids, he made several trips to New Jersey to visit quarries and industrial wastelands.
He also paid several visits to the American West and Southwest, sparking in him an interest in deserts and sprawling tracts of land that appear unblemished by human intervention.
Painted steel works such as Plunge , Alogon 2 , and Terminal , employed industrial materials, geometric forms, and a restricted palette. They were built indoors and intended for indoor display. By , Smithson was focused on two peculiar forms of sculpture, Sites and Non-sites , using mirrors and natural materials to create a new form of three-dimensional work.
While at these chosen sites barren wastelands, salt flats, and wooded areas , Smithson placed a series of mirrors in natural settings and photographed the newly altered landscapes. The results created an effect of beauty and unease at having inserted such blatantly unnatural materials into an untouched setting. He drew a mural-size dinosaur for the hallway of his elementary school and made a large paper construction of a dinosaur.
At age seven, dinosaurs and prehistory fascinated him. When he was eight, Smithson and his parents took a cross-country tour of the United States. On later trips, which Smithson planned for the family, they went to the sites of such natural scenic wonders as Yellowstone Park, the Grand Canyon, the California Redwoods, and the Mojave Desert.
In , the Smithson family moved to Clifton, New Jersey. Smithson's father put together a small basement museum for all of Robert's shells and fossils. Robert also collected insects. Smithson made several trips to Ross Allen's reptile farm in Florida. It appeared he was headed for a career as a naturalist. He was stationed at Fort Knox and did watercolors of local army installations for the mess hall. Following his discharge from the army in , Smithson moved to New York City and later hitchhiked around the country.
He visited the Hopi Indian Reservation and went to see the pyramids in Mexico. Smithson returned to New York during the time of the "beat generation.
In , he met Nancy Holt , a sculptor, and they were married in The paintings included in Smithson's first solo show in New York City were abstract and had stripes. The stripes in later paintings were covered with paper.
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