The attempts by peasants in the Holy Roman Empire to realise the Gospel message — a message which to them promised social as well as spiritual equality — led to one of the largest popular rebellions in early modern Europe, with rebel armies made up of as many as 40, in some areas. Its challenge to the religious and political status quo was considered immediate and grave: the practice of polygamy within the community was viewed as just one manifestation of all that was at threat.
When the new government began to collapse, the Catholic authorities moved in: the leading Anabaptists were put to the sword, their body parts placed in cages on the outside of the cathedral. It also resulted in an enduring suspicion towards religious radicals: while not all Anabaptists embraced violent revolution, they became the target of hostility across Europe.
This massacre was perhaps the most notorious episode of religious violence of the Reformation era. On August 24, , in the midst of celebrations of a marriage between a Catholic princess and a Protestant king, at least 2, French Protestants were murdered on the streets of Paris. The news of events in Paris also sparked massacres in other French cities. Catholic powers praised the killings, and the French Protestant cause saw a wave of exile and conversions.
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